Once again, knowing the functional groups at this point will help you tremendously when converting Lewis or condensed structures to bond-line structures. The table below shows some of the functional groups that often lead to a wrong connectivity pattern as it is not obvious to put the atoms correctly right from the beginning: Keep all the heteroatoms (any atom except carbon) together with the hydrogens on them. Putting the first atom up or down doesn’t matter as long as you keep the correct connectivity of atoms.ĥ) Erase the carbon atoms together with the hydrogens on them. Knowing the functional groups will make it much easier to put the atoms in the right places.Ĥ) Draw the carbon chain in a zig-zag form. These are the only ways to have the correct number of bonds and lone pairs for the atoms in red boxes. We can identify the following sections with incorrect valency of elements:ģ) Rearrange the atoms such that they have the correct number of bonds: (It will be very beneficial to learn the functional groups at this point) We will fix them in the next step.įollow the table for standard valencies on the bottom-left to identify the wrong connections: Note that some connections may be wrong at this point. It does not have to be in a particular order or following the IUPAC rules.Ģ) Simply connect all the atoms from left to right. Note: Numbering atoms will help you immensely for doing any transformation in Organic Chemistry. There is no formula or best approach for doing this, but we will follow the following strategy that will eliminate any possibility of making a mistake when converting to a bond-line structure.ġ) Number all the atoms (except for H’s). Now, let’s say you need to convert the following condensed structure into a bond-line structure: All the heteroatoms (any atoms except Carbon) are shown and the hydrogens on these heteroatoms are shown as well.Ĭonverting a Condensed Structure to a Bond-line So, essentially in bond-line structures, we don’t show the hydrogens and carbons.

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To interpret a bond-line structure, assume that:ġ) There is a carbon at each junction (corner) and periphery.Ģ) Each carbon has enough hydrogens to have 4 bonds (unless there is a formal charge) This could cause heat exchanger corrosion. Let’s first quickly summarize what Bond-Line (Zig-zag) structures are: When flue gas reaches a temperature below the acid dew point, acidic elements will condense. This is why it is essential to able to convert Lewis and condensed structures to bond-line representation.

The main way of representing organic molecules are the Bond-Line (Zig-zag) structures.

Multiply 0.One of the fundamental differences of Organic Chemistry from General Chemistry is the need for having a much better visualization and understanding of the molecular structures.

Calculate and the answer is 0.08 cubic yards for one concrete tube.

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